Unit 78: Digital Graphics for Computer Games.
P1 Understand theory for computer game graphics.
File Extensions:
BMP: BMP(bitmap) files are used to store raster images. It is most commonly used on Microsoft and OS products. The images are stored as pixels and assigned a colour without any compression. This method allows for higher quality images but increases the file size.
GIF: A GIF(Graphics Interchange Format) is a collection of moving bitmaps to create an image or animation, such as sprites. GIF's use lossless compression that does not degrade the quality of the image. However, they can only use indexed colours, meaning standard GIF's can only include 256 colours.
TIFF: A TIFF(Tagged Image File Format) is used to store raster graphic images all in one file and for exchanging raster images from one application to another, most commonly those used for scanning images.
JPEG: A JPEG(Joint Photographic Expertise Group, the company that created it) is the most commonly used method of lossy compression for images produced by digital photography. How compressed the image will be can be adjusted, allowing images to have different degrees of image quality and storage size.
PSD: A PSD(Photoshop Document) is the default format used to save Photoshop data. It allows users to work with the files' individual layers even after the file has been saved. When complete, the image can be flattened and converted into JPEG's or GIF's. However, one the image is converted, it cannot be reverted back to a PSD file, with the user no longer being able to work with the images' layers.
WMF: A WMF(Windows Metafile) is a type of file format designed for Microsoft. They are intended to be portable between Microsoft applications such as PowerPoint, Word and Publisher. It can contain both vector and raster images.
FLA: A FLA(Flash) file is the file used when using Adobe Flash. They store animations or images used with the program, which when saved is converted to an .swf file, these then can be used on the internet.
AI: An AI(Adobe Illustrator) is used in Adobe Illustrator to represent single page vector images in a PDF format.
Compression
Image compression is generally used to reduce the size of the image file and make it easier to store or transmit the data efficiently. There are two most commonly used types of image compression: lossy and lossless compression. Lossy compression is used to reduce data size for storage and transmitting data. The higher the compression, the lower the quality will be. Also, much more data can be reduced using lossy techniques than through lossless techniques. Lossless compression is were the original bits of data are completely restored after decompressing the file, with all the information being restored to its original quality.
Image Capture
Image capture is how an image is taken. This can be done in a number of ways, for example: taking a picture with a DSLR camera, using a camera-phone, or taking a screenshot on the computer.
Optimising
Optimising is were you create a program that works at its maximum efficiency and speed during its execution and storage. This is done to make each program as useful as possible for different platforms, for example, a program written for Windows would have to be optimised to work at its fullest potential on Mac-OS.
GIF: A GIF(Graphics Interchange Format) is a collection of moving bitmaps to create an image or animation, such as sprites. GIF's use lossless compression that does not degrade the quality of the image. However, they can only use indexed colours, meaning standard GIF's can only include 256 colours.
TIFF: A TIFF(Tagged Image File Format) is used to store raster graphic images all in one file and for exchanging raster images from one application to another, most commonly those used for scanning images.
JPEG: A JPEG(Joint Photographic Expertise Group, the company that created it) is the most commonly used method of lossy compression for images produced by digital photography. How compressed the image will be can be adjusted, allowing images to have different degrees of image quality and storage size.
PSD: A PSD(Photoshop Document) is the default format used to save Photoshop data. It allows users to work with the files' individual layers even after the file has been saved. When complete, the image can be flattened and converted into JPEG's or GIF's. However, one the image is converted, it cannot be reverted back to a PSD file, with the user no longer being able to work with the images' layers.
WMF: A WMF(Windows Metafile) is a type of file format designed for Microsoft. They are intended to be portable between Microsoft applications such as PowerPoint, Word and Publisher. It can contain both vector and raster images.
FLA: A FLA(Flash) file is the file used when using Adobe Flash. They store animations or images used with the program, which when saved is converted to an .swf file, these then can be used on the internet.
AI: An AI(Adobe Illustrator) is used in Adobe Illustrator to represent single page vector images in a PDF format.
Compression
Image compression is generally used to reduce the size of the image file and make it easier to store or transmit the data efficiently. There are two most commonly used types of image compression: lossy and lossless compression. Lossy compression is used to reduce data size for storage and transmitting data. The higher the compression, the lower the quality will be. Also, much more data can be reduced using lossy techniques than through lossless techniques. Lossless compression is were the original bits of data are completely restored after decompressing the file, with all the information being restored to its original quality.
Image Capture
Image capture is how an image is taken. This can be done in a number of ways, for example: taking a picture with a DSLR camera, using a camera-phone, or taking a screenshot on the computer.
Optimising
Optimising is were you create a program that works at its maximum efficiency and speed during its execution and storage. This is done to make each program as useful as possible for different platforms, for example, a program written for Windows would have to be optimised to work at its fullest potential on Mac-OS.
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